Glossary / Q

Psychology terms starting with Q

98 terms with short definitions. Study these as flashcards

Qother
In statistics, this letter marks the gap between sample means after adjusting for measurement error.
Q dataabbreviation
Questionnaire data capture what people report about their own traits, experiences, or behavior through written questions or rating forms.
Q factor analysisnoun
A statistical method identifies shared patterns among people by comparing their responses across many characteristics or statements.
Q methodologynoun
A research approach studies viewpoints through statement sorting and statistical methods that reveal patterns shared among participants.
Q sortnoun
A research procedure asks someone to arrange statements or other materials into categories according to given instructions.
Q testnoun
A statistical test compares yes-or-no outcome rates across three or more conditions involving the same participants or matched groups.
Q-technique factor analysisnoun
A statistical approach finds shared response patterns by analyzing similarities between people across multiple ratings or measurements.
Q–Q plotabbreviation
A quantile–quantile plot compares values at matching percentage positions in two distributions to examine how closely their patterns agree.
QALYsabbreviation
Quality adjusted life years combine survival time with health quality, counting one year in full health as one unit.
qatnoun
Leaves from the Catha edulis shrub contain the stimulant cathinone, which can increase alertness and lead to dependence.
qEEGabbreviation
A quantitative electroencephalograph records brain electrical signals and produces numerical measurements for statistical study.
qinoun
In Chinese philosophical traditions, a proposed vital energy is believed to flow through living beings and influence health.
qigongnoun
A traditional Chinese health practice combines controlled breathing with coordinated movements and held body positions.
QoL-ADabbreviation
A questionnaire uses thirteen ratings from patients or caregivers to assess everyday well-being when Alzheimer disease is present.
QTabbreviation
The Quick Test screens intellectual ability using 50 words that participants match to pictures, allowing responses without speech.
QTLabbreviation
Quantitative trait loci are DNA regions associated with differences in continuously varying characteristics, such as height.
Quaaludenoun
A former brand name identifies methaqualone, a sedative drug that causes sleepiness and carries a risk of dependence.
quacknoun
An unqualified practitioner falsely presents their skills or credentials for diagnosing or treating physical, mental, or behavioral problems.
quadrantnoun
One of the four sections of a graph made by where the x- and y-axes cross.
quadrant samplingnoun
A sampling method divides a physical or conceptual space into four sections and selects cases from every section.
quadrantanopianoun
Loss of sight in one quarter of the visual field, often from damage behind the optic chiasm.
quadraturenoun
A numerical method estimates an integral, such as the area under a curve, to support calculations in statistical models.
quadriparesisnoun
Weakness or partial loss of movement affects both arms and both legs because of a nervous system injury or condition.
quadriplegianoun
Paralysis affects both arms and both legs following an injury to the brain or spinal cord.
qualianoun
The felt qualities of conscious experiences make sensations and emotions personally distinctive, such as a color’s appearance or sadness’s feeling.
qualitativeadjective
Using words or other descriptions instead of numbers to study or describe something.
qualitative analysisnoun
Researchers examine words, stories, or other descriptive materials to interpret recurring themes, meanings, and the reasons behind them.
qualitative dataphrase
Information described in words or categories rather than numbers, such as behaviors, thoughts, attitudes, or experiences.
qualitative evaluationnoun
An assessment uses accounts, observations, and records to understand a program’s effects and discover which questions deserve attention.
qualitative observationnoun
A systematic description records what happens and its surrounding circumstances using words rather than numerical measurements.
qualitative researchphrase
Studies people using words, stories, and observations instead of numbers to understand their experiences and viewpoints.
qualitative variablenoun
A characteristic groups observations into descriptive categories without a numerical order, such as eye color or favorite sport.
qualitynoun
A trait or feature that describes how something is, such as its color, accuracy, or style.
quality adjusted life years (QALYs)noun
A health outcome measure weights years lived by health quality, giving a full-health year a value of one.
quality adjusted survival analysisnoun
A statistical approach examines time until an event while accounting for how treatment affects well-being during that period.
quality assurancephrase
An organized process for checking care quality, fixing problems, and making services better over time.
quality circlenoun
A small employee group that meets to solve work problems and improve quality and efficiency.
quality controlnoun
Steps used to catch and reduce mistakes in measurements, products, or services.
quality of carephrase
How well health services follow professional standards and improve the chances of good results.
quality of lifephrase
How satisfied and able a person feels across health, relationships, choices, and daily life.
Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease Scale (QoL-AD)noun
A questionnaire assesses everyday well-being in Alzheimer’s through 13 questions answered by the affected person or a caregiver.
quality of worklife (QWL)noun
The degree of satisfaction and commitment people experience at work depends on conditions, rewards, responsibilities, and recognition.
quality weightingnoun
When combining study findings in a meta-analysis, researchers assign influence according to how well each study was planned, conducted, and analyzed.
quantal hypothesis (quantal theory)noun
A proposed explanation suggests sensation changes in separate steps because underlying nerve activity follows an all-or-none pattern.
quantificationnoun
Turning an idea or trait into numbers so it can be measured and studied.
quantifiernoun
A word accompanying a noun indicates quantity or extent, as with many, some, most, or all.
quantilenoun
A cutoff marks a chosen percentage position among ordered values, with the median marking the halfway position.
quantile–quantile plot (Q–Q plot)noun
A graph pairs values at corresponding percentage positions in two distributions to show similarities and differences in their patterns.
quantitativeadjective
Using numbers to measure and study information or behavior.
quantitative analysisnoun
Researchers use numerical measurements and statistical methods to summarize observations, test ideas, or estimate relationships.
quantitative dataphrase
Information shown with numbers, like ratings, reaction times, or ages, so amounts can be compared.
quantitative electroencephalograph (qEEG)noun
An instrument records electrical signals from the brain and turns them into numerical measurements that researchers can analyze statistically.
quantitative evaluationnoun
An assessment uses planned measurements and numerical results to answer specific questions about a program’s performance or effects.
quantitative psychologyphrase
This branch of psychology creates and tests math and statistics methods for measuring behavior and studying data.
quantitative researchphrase
Research that uses numbers to measure things and statistics to test patterns, differences, or links.
quantitative scorephrase
A numeric result showing how many test items or course requirements were completed correctly.
quantitative semanticsnoun
A form of content analysis systematically counts selected words, concepts, or themes in communication to study its patterns.
quantitative trait loci (QTL)noun
Regions of DNA are linked to differences in traits measured along a continuous scale, such as height.
quantitative variablenoun
A characteristic takes numerical values that express meaningful amounts or measurements, such as age, weight, or test performance.
quantumnoun
In neuroscience, the smallest usual packet of chemical messenger released by a nerve cell is called a quantum.
quantum mindnoun
A disputed proposal suggests that quantum events within nerve cells help produce consciousness.
quantum theorynoun
A proposed sensory theory explains some response patterns by suggesting that perceived intensity changes in distinct steps tied to nerve activity.
quartilenoun
Each of three cutoff values divides ordered data into four groups containing approximately equal numbers of observations.
quartile deviationnoun
A measure of spread equals half the distance between the lower quartile and the upper quartile.
quartimax rotationnoun
A factor-analysis adjustment simplifies each measured variable’s links to underlying factors while keeping those factors uncorrelated.
quasi-experimental control groupnoun
A comparison group receives no studied intervention in research where participants are placed into conditions without random assignment.
quasi-experimental designphrase
Studies a real-world treatment without random group assignment, so cause-and-effect conclusions are less certain.
quasi-experimental researchnoun
Studies estimate effects of interventions or changes without randomly assigning participants to conditions, leaving alternative explanations harder to rule out.
quasi-independencenoun
In a table of category counts, independence holds only for selected cells included in the statistical model.
quasi-independent variablenoun
A personal characteristic, such as age, serves as a study predictor but cannot reasonably be changed or randomly assigned.
quasi-interval scalenoun
An ordered rating scale has steps whose distances are not consistently equal.
quasi-likelihood functionnoun
A statistical formula estimates model values using assumptions about averages and variability without specifying a complete probability distribution.
quasi-observationnoun
Researchers gather information about someone through a close informant or recordings instead of directly observing and questioning them.
quasi-vegetative statenoun
An older name describes a minimally conscious state, with limited but detectable awareness following serious brain damage.
quasi–F rationoun
An approximate F statistic uses estimated sources of variation when an exact error comparison cannot be calculated.
quasigroupnoun
A collection of people has some group features but lacks others, such as shared goals or established roles.
quasineednoun
In Lewin's theory, an intention creates tension that motivates action toward a goal without a biological shortage.
quasirandomadjective
A process appears nearly random even though an underlying rule prevents it from being fully random.
quasirandom samplingnoun
Researchers select entries at regular intervals from a population list, usually after choosing a random starting position.
quaternitynoun
Jung proposed a fourfold personality pattern involving thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuition, understood as an archetype.
quazepamnoun
A benzodiazepine medicine helps treat insomnia by promoting sleep and can cause lingering daytime drowsiness.
queernoun
A self-chosen identity label some LGBTQ+ people use, though others may find it offensive.
queer rights movementnoun
A social movement works for LGBTQ+ people's equal rights, acceptance, and freedom from discrimination.
querulentadjective
Someone described this way frequently complains or argues and shows irritability or suspicion.
questionnairenoun
A planned list of questions used to gather information about a person's traits, opinions, behaviors, or experiences.
quetiapinenoun
A newer antipsychotic medicine that treats psychosis and bipolar disorder by blocking dopamine and serotonin signals.
queuenoun
A line of waiting people whose order is usually guided by shared social rules.
Quick Test (QT)noun
A brief intelligence screening test uses 50 vocabulary items requiring people to choose matching pictures, with no spoken response needed.
quick trajectorynoun
In studies of dying, a person's condition progresses rapidly toward death, often during an emergency involving attempts to save life.
quick-and-dirtyadjective
A research design or analysis is deliberately informal and imperfect, offering an early look with limited refinement.
quid pro quophrase
A benefit is offered in exchange for an action or promise, including workplace benefits made conditional on sexual compliance.
Quincke’s disease (Quincke’s edema)noun
Another name for angioedema describes episodes of swelling beneath the skin or in tissues lining internal surfaces.
Quinian bootstrapping (Quinean bootstrapping)noun
A learning theory proposes that children connect initially separate symbols to build concepts beyond their earlier understanding.
quintilenoun
A cutoff in ordered scores marks one of four boundaries separating the distribution into five equally sized portions.
quota controlnoun
A survey sets limits on total participants or particular subgroups and stops recruitment when those limits are reached.
quota samplingnoun
Researchers recruit people without random selection until preset numbers for groups with chosen characteristics are filled.
quotient hypothesisnoun
An adaptation of Weber's law proposes that successive smallest detectable sensory differences increase by a constant ratio.
QWLabbreviation
Quality of worklife describes how satisfying someone finds their job and how connected they feel to their organization.

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